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The Republic is a dialogue by Plato on the problem of the ideal state. It was written in 360 BC. From Plato's point of view, the state is an expression of the idea of justice. The dialogue for the first time clearly defines philosophers as people who are able to comprehend what is eternally identical to themselves.

The dialogue contains a systematics and a brief critical analysis of the types of state system (the ideal «state of the future», which does not yet exist;which does not yet exist, is not included in it), placed by Plato on a scale of gradual degradation, which looks like an evolution in time, but the irreversibility of such an evolution is not explicitly stated, and the question of the inevitability of degradation is not explicitly raised, so that, if desired, this degradation can be considered only a description of a certain tendency, very similar to the decay of the system of primitive democracy. Here is the scale of state types (from best to worst): Aristocracy and monarchy, Timocracy, Oligarchy, Democracy, Tyranny.

Plato is the author of many philosophical works: «Harmidus», «Euthydemus», «Euthyphron», «Critias», « Minos», «Eriksias, Alcibiades I, Apology of Socrates, Hippias the Great and others.