The present book is a compilation of research papers pertaining to a broad range of materials namely; crystalline solids, non-crystalline or semicrystalline solids, polymer composites, glasses and so on. Encompassing dimensions varying through bulk crystals to thin films to nanocrystals, contributed by various scientists and researchers, the book covers a wide range of materials and their science, from kidney stone crystals to fly-ash, and will attract interest of an equally broad spectrum of materials scientists.