The longevity of Greek ideas, images, and systems of thought bears witness to the incomparable originality of ancient Greek scientific and artistic achievements and the genius of Hellenist society. It is on the foundation of Hellenist achievements that many of our modern advancements have developed. Greek culture also significantly impacted the development of literature and education, beginning with the Romans and expanding to Europe and the West.

The best-known literary masterpiece of the Archaic Greek period is the so-called Homeric epics – The Illiad and The Odyssey – and The Homeric Hymns.