Health services are among the most expensive and complex areas of social policy. Using qualitative comparative analysis to explore 11 developed countries’ health services, this volume considers the links between a range of different outcome measures and levels of funding, social determinants and different types of health expenditures. It also reflects on how those systems responded to the first wave of COVID-19. This ambitious text identifies which underpinning factors are associated with the strongest outcomes, providing a rigorous account of health systems and health policies in the context of their wider economies and societies.Health services are amongst the most expensive and complex areas of social policy. This book analyses the health services of 11 developed countries. Through Qualitative Comparative Analysis it explores the links between a range of different outcome measures and levels of funding, social determinants and different types of health expenditures. It provides a rigorous account of health systems and policies in the context of their wider economies and societies, and reflects on their responses to the first wave of COVID-19.