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The study guide is based on the lecture courses Ancient Culture and European Culture, which are taught at the Faculty of Humanities of the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. It contains the necessary propaedeutic material for humanities students on the classical culture of the Greco-Roman world as a system, its topoi and morphology. The main features of the ancient type of culture, lifestyle, mentality, and axiology of the ancient Greeks and Romans are considered. The main attention is paid to the phenomenon of ancient civil society - the polis, the principle of agonism of the Greeks, the conflict "ancient world - barbarism", the comparison of Greek and Roman cultural development. The textbook introduces students to the categorical apparatus of modern antiquity, the vocabulary of ancient culture, as well as changes in the reconstruction of cultural models of Greece and Rome in recent times.