Borderline conditions are a growing presence in the treatment room, yet they are uncommonly resistant to treatment. Dr. Kernberg and his colleagues have already articulated the modality they call Transference-Focused Psychotherapy. Now, in an unusually textured elabouration, they confront the complications that limit treatability,co-existing psychopathologies, early trauma issociation, problems endemic to the therapeutic situation (attachment disturbances, erotic transferences),and bring new rounds of clinical ammunition to meet those challenges.