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The textbook presents the ways of biosynthesis of drugs on the basis of microbial biomass (synthesis of structural components of microbial cells: polymers – bilkis, nucleic acids, lipids, polysaccharides and corresponding monomers – amino acids, nucleotides, carbohydrates, fatty acids), biogenesis of primary metabolites (organic acids, amino acids, and vitamins), the regulation of amino acid biosynthesis and approaches to the development of strains - supersynthetics of these microbial metabolites. The ways of biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (exopolysaccharides, giberellins, surface-active substances) in microorganisms and the physiological basis of regulation of their synthesis are characterised, and data on the biosynthesis of fermentation products (ethanol, lactic acid, butanol and organic compounds) and enzymes.

With the use of current data from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes), we have reviewed the ways of biosynthesis of antibiotics that are derived from a single primary metabolite (chloramphenicol, phenazine and nucleotide); created by the concentration of several primary metabolites (lincomycin, novobiocin, clavulanic acid, puromycin, staurosporine); polipeptide (gramicidin C, bacitracin, vancomycin, teixobactin) and β-lactam (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams); polymerised acetate and propionate units (griseofulvin, tetracyclines, poliketides of the first (erythromycin, megalomycin, pikromycin, tylosin, olendomycin, avermectin and rifamycin) and other (doxorubicin) types; terpenoids (fusidic acid) and aminoglycosides (streptomycin, neomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, tobramycin); and C7N-aminocyclitols (validamicin A).

For students of speciality 162 «Biotechnologies and Bioengineering» and sporidnenyh specialities (091 &.laquo;Biology», 226 «Pharmacy»), as well as for specialists who work in the field of biotechnology and biology.