This book is a compendium of knowledge about nanomaterials and strategies for bioremediation over hazardous environmental pollutants. The book is divided into 2 sections. Section 1 deals with the polluted environment, where it explains that soil is in serious danger and highlights the primary hazardous pollutants. Besides, this section covers algae, autochthonous, introduced, or genetically modified organisms that are used to degrade hazardous contaminants. In Section 2, Bio- and Nanoremediation are shown through synthesis, green synthesis and molecular farming, and their applications or impacts. Moreover, this discusses bio- and nano-remediation, working together for better performance, organisms, and nanomaterials for environmental remediation.