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The textbook reveals the content, organisational structure, purpose, functions and tasks of the banking systems of the main developed countries of the world. It describes the difficulties of establishing independent banking systems in some post-Soviet states and European countries, and examines the mechanism of functioning of the European System of Central Banks and international credit organisations. The structure of the textbook is systematic: its content is divided into thematic parts, which are followed by separate chapters. The chapters, in turn, are also clearly structured and contain the historical aspect of the banking system, organisational structure, peculiarities of hierarchical subordination of the structure elements, main directions, goals, objectives and functions of the activity, etc. The textbook is intended for teachers, students of economic specialities of higher educational institutions, as well as for employees engaged in the banking sector.